Ownership and Funding

Public service broadcasting

This is a broadcast that only serves the purpose of entertainment, none of the programmes shown are to serve commercial interest. for example the BBC do this as they have no adverts meaning that they don't want to try and make you buy something while watching their shows.

Commercial broadcasting

Commercial broadcasting gets its money by showing adverts throughout the programmes. An example of this would be ITV as they do exactly this.

Corporate and private ownership

This means that not many people have part ownership in a business. Usually there are sums of people that are shareholders in a business. 

Global companies

This means that there are people all over the world that are shareholders into the business. Global companies consist of DirecTV and CBS.

Vertical integration

This is where you own different companies for example if you owned a production company and cinema. "Warner Bros." is an example of this as they sort out the production, distribution etc. for their own films.

Horizontal integration.

This where you own a lot of the same kind of companies, for example if you owned a lot of cinemas. An example of this would be "New Line Cinema".

Funding Styles:

License fee

This is what you pay for to watch BBC as you need to pay for a TV license. They do this so that they can still get payed without having adverts in the middle of their shows.

Subscription

This is something that you pay for, usually monthly, so that you can watch a certain thing, for example the WWE Network. This is so that you can watch what you want when you want.

One off payment

You pay for the product and then you can use it whenever without having to worry about paying for something later on.

Pay-per view

This is when you pay for a special event every time that you watch it. An example of this would be boxing events is something that you do this for as it is a big event that happens rarely.

Sponsorship

A lot of footballers have this. They have a certain brand on their kits that have sponsored them. It is another way of advertising. Also Britain's got talent was sponsored by AO.com which is another example.

Product placement

James bond is probably one of the best examples to use for this as he has an Aston Martin in all of his films. It's when you have your product placed in a film so that it gets recognized.

Private capitol

This is a way to not get in debt as you have to be in a partnership to fund it and the way that it works is that everyone pays for it.

Crowd funding

An example of this would be Kick-starter as it is the audience paying for it meaning they make a pitch of what the film will be about and then if people like the idea they will give donations.

Development funds

This is used to create awareness about a film so that it can be funded and then eventually made and the funds are made available by the manufacturer or brand.

Job roles prezi

Reaction to a problematic job ad

Careers Handbook & CV

Understand developing technologies in the television and film industries

Technology is developing quite quickly and it is hard to keep up with it.

Consumer products which is the use of camera, TV and computers for editing. These are getting used more and more at home as hey are now easy to access and they are also more affordable. All of the products listed are now a lot better then they used to be when they first come around. These days we can edit after everything in any order but back then people couldn't, they had to do every bit of editing in chronological order. They had to do this because they used film and had to physically cut it and put it back stick it back together. There was also a time where they had to edit with with the camera by cutting and recording at the exact right moments. Because we now have computers and editing software it makes our life a lot easier because now we don't have to do everything in order we can edit the parts we have without having to worry about missing out some shots.

Satellite vs cable. The advantage of having satellite is that you can get "Sky" anywhere in your house and you can also get any free view programming in any room. The disadvantage of it would be that it is easily impacted by the weather, for example if it starts raining too heavily the signal may get lost. Cable could be seen as better because it does not get affected by the weather. "Virgin" and "B.T" I believe are cable but the only thing is if you get these different companies as your television provider you will not get the same offer as you do with "Sky".

The Analogue switch-over is the change from having our TV's pick up signals from radio waves, having this means you would have to have antenna sat on top of your TV I believe that this is the thing that a lot of people refer to as rabbit ears. Now instead of it all being done through signals it is done digitally, This makes the picture on our TV a lot clearer and it also means that we could get HD.

The internet has developed very quickly. The first type of internet that I remember was dial-up and you used to have to wait for ages just for your page to load. Now you can just go straight onto the internet and you don't have to wait for anything, your page loads almost instantly. Back in the day you couldn't use your home phone at the same time of using the internet but now you can do what you want when on the internet. To me the internet is getting out of hand because there is basically nothing that you can't do on the internet anymore and it is all just getting more advanced and it is getting hard to keep up with. Now there is streaming on the internet so that you can now watch anything you want at anytime thanks to the likes of "Netflix" and "Amazon Prime". The fact that streaming is now possible just goes to show how advanced the internet is because like I said you can watch anything at anytime. People are also pirating TV shows now so the creators of the show are losing money due to this. TV is also interactive, the thing everyone has heard is "push the red button to vote" but also people are creating apps where you can vote for who you want to win a contest for example "Britain's Got Talent"

High definition was never a thing until a few years back. We used just have standard definition but then TV's were upgrading and getting better and that means that the resolution got better as well. The most common resolutions nowadays are 720p, 1080p and also 4K. 4K is classed as ultra HD and the fact that we have this is unbelievable considering where it came from.

3D become popular not too long ago when "Avatar" came out in cinemas in 3D. 3D TV's were created and they were really popular at the time they came but they soon went out of fashion as did 3D cinema. But the fact that we had the technology to make 3D TV's is incredible because it changes the way that you experience a film or television programmes.

Pay-Per-View is not used as much as it used to be, it was more commonly used for sporting events for boxing ,Wrestling etc. This is where you literally pay for every time you watch the event. I used to use PPV every time I wanted to watch a wrestling event but I know that they now have there own streaming app called "WWE Network" which is where you can watch all of there events on there for just £9.99 a month. Pay-per-views were always quite expensive ranging from £15 to £25. The advantage of this is that you get to watch the event live but the problem is the amount that you have to pay to watch said event.

On-Demand viewing is becoming more popular since apps such as "BBC iplayer" and "4OD" came out so that now you don't have to watch the show when it is first on television but you can watch whenever you can. This is lowering the viewership of TV shows as like I said people are not watching when the show is first aired. The advantage of this is that you can watch whenever you want and you don't need to worry about fitting to a schedule. The bad thing about this is that it is kind of making TV irrelevant. This is all part of streaming content which is doing the world a favour by making it by letting us watch our favourite shows when we have the time but also ruining things for the creators.

Digital recorders, these have made film making a lot easier as they save directly to the hard drive which means that you don't have to convert anything and everything is already there for you.

Technology is moving faster than we can keep up with but it is also helping us by making everything we do easier and makes put minimal effort in.

Is News a Window on the World?

The opening sequence to news does suggest that we are going to be seeing everything the way it is and the news creators will not change a thing. They also suggest that they will be covering news from everywhere in the world.

Also the law states that it has to be real and there are regulations to ensure that news, in whatever form, is supposedly reported with "due accuracy" and presented with "due impartiality". For example OFCOM has a whole section in its regulations about this very topic: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio-and-on-demand/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code/section-five-due-impartiality-accuracy

But can the news ever really be like this? in this post I am going to try and show that it is impossible for any media representation to simply show reality to us in this way.

Firstly if everything was shown the news would last forever. There are news values that they have to consider when broadcasting a story I am only going to mention some of these. This was created by Galtung and Ruge an there first value was frequency which means that if it is a short term event it will be more likely to get put on the news. These sort of events, such as murder, are preferred over a long term event such as global warming.

Unexpectedness is another way that the news story will make it onto the broadcast. It is the the surprise and rarity of an event that will help it get recognized. For this to be considered it also has to meaningful. The event that comes to mind when I think of this is the Boston bomb attack as it was unexpected and it really hit hard.

Negativity is a good thing in the news because bad news is good news. The worse the event is the more attention it is going to gather because it will make people notice what is happening in the world and it may cause panic and worry throughout the world.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/actress-sharon-tate-found-murdered

The gate-keeping process is quite a big thing that the people putting the news together have to go through to make sure that people are getting the most important news that the audience could be seeing. The list of things that they have to look at is as followed; news values, news source, routines of news gathering, construction of news story (narrative) and economics. If all of these are a match it will get onto the news. The fact that it has to go through this process just so that people can find out about what is going on in the world just goes to show that everything we see isn't as untouched as they claim it to be. They also claim that they will show us absolutely everything that happens in the world but they won't because it has to go through this process. What see here proves to me that the news is not a window on the world at all.

Even though they claim that the news is completely real, when filming it they use the continuity system which is more commonly used in fiction. This takes away from the fact that we are meant to believe that everything that they are showing us actually happened. They often tell us the news in a story like format which makes it harder to believe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nU2wsmjgqtQ

I do not think that the news is a window on the world as it has to go through all of these different processes. The fact that it does this turns it from a window into a slit that hardly anything can get through as it has to meet every criteria. The most important thing to the news is competition and getting the news broadcasted first. The news can be biased as it show the viewer what they want us to see. They are willing to make people look worse just to make someone else look better. for example they do this with Jeremy Corbyn and Theresa May.

Connotations of News Starting Sequence

TV news starting sequences have things in them that all of them have.

Firstly we often see rushing graphics or rushing camera movements. These connote the urgency in which they want to tell us the news that they have to cover. The fact that they are rushing shows that they would like us to know what is happening in the world as quickly as possible.

We also see transparent objects and eyes. This connotes that they are not going to hide anything from us and none of the news that we get shown has been changed in anyway shape or form.

Thirdly we see the world from space. This tells us that they are going to be sharing news from all over the Earth. So that we know what is happening in all places at all times.

Then we see the Landmarks from different cities. This lets us know that they are going to be sharing news from every place possible including cities in different countries.

They also show us clocks a lot. This is another thing to let us know how urgently they want to get us the news so that we are not missing out on anything.

Another thing that they show us is technology and satellites. This connotes the fact that they are using all types of technology to get us the news as fast as possible.

We also hear fast paced and beat driven music usually plaid by brass instruments. This also connotes urgency and also authority as the music is very loud and it grabs our attention.

There are usually male voice-overs. This again shows authority as we normally think about power when we hear an older male talk.

Finally we see metallic blues and strong reds. This shows the colours of the world of offices.

We usually have male news presenters as we normally are more likely to listen to what they have to say as we live in a sexist world and people may take them more seriously. The males are usually older and the females are younger. The newsreaders have to speak with received pronunciation so that they sound more serious. They also do not change the look on their face so that they do not give us their opinion.